The capital is termed Composite because it is made up of Ionic volutes and Corinthian acanthus-leaf ornamentation. The column has a diameter of 10 inches. Order as a whole From the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1768–711), an engraved image illustrating the Composite Order. Inc. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.
"a pillar, long, cylindrical architectural support," also "vertical division of a page," from Old French colombe (12c., Modern French colonne "column, pillar"), from Latin columna "pillar," collateral form of columen "top, summit," from PIE root *kel-(2) "to be prominent; hill," from PIE root *kel-(2) "to be prominent; hill." The original meaning of column was that of a tall stone or wooden post. Later it came to mean any monument erected in honor of someone.
The earliest examples of the word "column" are Greek and they refer to the tall monoliths known as sykophants (συκοφάται) which were used by rulers to celebrate victories and other eventsful occasions. These were made of wood covered with metal plates and often included an ivory statue mounted on top.
In English, the word "column" comes from French via Latin. Before the introduction of the printing press in 1455, when most books were published individually, columns were important for keeping track of what had been written by whom. So the first writers to use the term "column" did not have paper nor printers ink at their disposal, and so they needed another way to identify their work.
Among other things, columns provided information about the author's name and place of birth, death, and residence. They could also indicate whether the person was a priest or a monk, a citizen or a foreigner.
Its external characteristics Ionic columns support a well-proportioned entablature and are employed for the building's five porticoes, the main one capped by a pediment. The columns are made of white Vermont marble with black bas-relief decorations on the shaft and capital.
The word "Ion" comes from the Greek word eikon, which means image. This refers to the fact that the capitals represent images of gods.
In classical architecture, the Ionic order was usually used for public buildings such as temples or theaters and included two variations: the simple Ionic order and the more complex hybrid Ionic order. Both orders feature alternating bands of volutes and unfluted columns. The White House columns are all variants of the Ionic order.
The White House was originally built by Thomas Jefferson in 1814-1815. He hired French architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe to design the house. When Jefferson became president, he ordered the construction of additional rooms on the second floor that Latrobe had not completed. These additions are in a simplified version of the Ionic order called "Doric" after the traditional American building method then used in Virginia where Latrobe had trained. The Doric order has only straight lines and no curved elements like the Ionic order.
Composite Column: Depending on the manner of loading -Axially loaded Column: - Radially loaded Column: - Tangentially loaded Column: - Triangulatedly loaded Column: These are used in applications where high strength and stiffness or moderate weight is required.
The most common form of column is the cylindrical tube with a closed bottom and open top. This column is used when maximum stiffness is required from a small-scale structure. Because these columns have no end caps, they are easily loaded in any direction. They are also very strong because there is no point at which one material ends and another begins. Also, these columns are relatively light because there is little material to weigh down its side.
The next type of column is the pipe with flat ends. It is used when maximum strength is required from a small-scale structure while maintaining a low weight value. These columns can be loaded in any direction because their ends are flat; therefore, they can withstand twisting forces without breaking. However, because there is no gap between the materials, they cannot withstand large loads without failure.
The third type of column is the pipe with rounded ends.
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