The perpendicular junction of two barrel vaults creates a groin (or cross) vault. A rib (or ribbed) vault is supported by a set of arching diagonal ribs that split the surface of the vault into panels. A fan vault is made out of concave sections with ribs that extend out in the shape of a fan. The term "vault" here refers to the roof itself, not a box shaped room like in some castles where a vaulted ceiling is used.
Ribbed vaults were commonly used for large public spaces such as courtrooms because they provided much-needed light and air within the space. These vaults could be very elaborate, with many rows of ribs supporting the vault from below and running all the way up to the crown of the vault, where they meet at a single point or terminate.
Groin/groining and ribbing/ribbing are terms used to describe how vault supports interconnect. In a groin/groined vault, there are several sets of vertical posts with horizontal branches connecting them together at right angles. On top of these posts sits a series of curved plates called girts. The word "groin" comes from the same root as "girt," and it's an old English word for belt or strap. So, a groin/groined vault is one with multiple belts or straps connecting the posts together.
A groin, also known as a cross vault, is produced when two barrel vaults join at right angles. A structure of ribs or arches is present underneath the intersections of the vaulting sections in a ribbed vault. The term "groin vault" may also be applied to a medieval church building with this type of roof.
Barrel vaults are named after their appearance under the roofline: one side rises up into a dome and the other drops down to a base. In reality, however, both domes and bases are barrel-shaped. They are called "barrels" because each segment of the vault resembles the shape of a large barrel standing on its end. The vertical walls between the segments are called "staves".
Barrel vaults were used extensively in Europe from the 11th through the 14th centuries. They are found in many different types of buildings including churches, chapels, palaces, and cathedrals. Because there was no material available that could withstand constant high pressure, the roofs were often made of wood. As cities grew and became more crowded, it was not unusual for several hundred people to pass through main entrances every day. The weight of so many people on the roof would have caused it to collapse under their own weight unless the wood was very strong.
A barrel vault has a semicircular cross shape and is also known as a cradle vault, tunnel vault, or wagon vault. The skin covering these vaults is called sheathing if flat or coffering if carved.
Barrel vaults are often used in large chambers because they require less material than other types of vaults. They are also easier to build than other types of vaults due to their semi-circular design. Finally, they can be covered with any type of roof system including tiles, sheet metal, or wood.
Cradle vaults are used in small rooms because they use less material than barrel vaults. They also allow for easy access from one side only which is important if there are objects inside the chamber that people might want to move around.
Groin (cross) vaults are used in smaller chambers because they require less material than barrel or cradle vaults. They are also easier to build than other types of vaults because you don't need to worry about supporting the entire weight of the vault.
A rib vault, also known as a ribbed vault, is an architectural element used to cover a large space, such as a church nave, that is made up of a framework of crossed or diagonally arched ribs. Roman architecture, Byzantine architecture, Islamic architecture, Romanesque architecture, and notably Gothic architecture all utilised variations. The word "vault" here does not mean the modern meaning, but rather a covering built into the exterior walls of a building for protection or as aesthetic decoration.
The ribs may be wood or steel, but usually are wood because they require no maintenance and can easily be replaced if damaged. However, metal ribs are becoming more common due to their durability.
The number and length of the ribs depends on the size of the vault and its location within the building. Smaller vaults might have only three or four ribs while larger ones could have as many as six or seven. The distance between each rib is called the dripstone. This is where any decorative stone work would go. There should be enough space between each piece of dripstone for water to run off when it rains. If there's not enough room, then the pieces of rock will get too close together and cause the roof to leak.
Ribs are most commonly found in timber buildings, although some brick and concrete structures will have wooden beams inside instead. They are very effective at reducing the weight of the building material needed while still giving the same level of protection from the elements.
A rib vault is an architectural element used to cover a vast interior area of a structure, typically the nave of a church or cathedral, in which the vault's surface is split into webs by a framework of diagonally arched ribs. It is also known as a "ribbed vault." It was a distinguishing characteristic of Gothic architecture. The English word "vault" comes from the French word voûte, which in turn comes from Latin volta, a wheel.
Ribs are vertical members attached directly to the walls of a building or formed as part of a frame structure. They provide support for heavy ceilings and often appear as structural components in their own right (such as the roof truss). Where they form part of a frame structure such as a truss, they are called purlins. Ceilings supported by rib structures are called rib vaults.
The most common type of rib vault is the flat one, so called because it has a flat ceiling plane without any central dome or other elevation. This type of vault is found in many large churches built in Europe during the 12th century and later. It can be seen, for example, in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. It can also be seen in the Church of St. Paul the Apostle in New York City. The name "flat vault" does not apply to a vault with a central dome, but rather to one where the ribs rise only from floor to ceiling without any intermediate supports.
A groin vault or groined vault (also known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is formed by the right-angle junction of two barrel vaults. The margin between the intersecting vaults is referred to as the "groin." Groins are used where there is not enough space for single barrel vaults, but they do not align vertically like a parallel-sided tunnel. They provide much more room than a single barrel vault without being so large that they would be impractical to build.
In Europe, groined vaults were popular from about 1150 until 1550. During this time, many great churches were built with this type of roof structure. In France, Germany, and Italy in particular, the Gothic style had its rise during this period.
After this time, groined vaults fell out of use until the early 18th century, when they were once again popular. These new groined vaults were much larger than those of the past and were often called "continental" vaults because they were used in buildings all over Europe.
During the late 19th century, the gable roof became popular again. It is still popular today among farmers who want to store their crops above ground temperature in addition to providing protection from rain and snow. The gable roof has the advantage of being easy to repair or replace damaged tiles or shingles.
Copyright © 2020 - 2023 BindleyHardware & Co Inc.
