During the Neolithic period, Stone Age dwellings were rectangular and made of timber (4000 BC to 2500 BC). These houses are no longer standing, although the foundations may still be seen. Some buildings featured thatched roofs and walls made of wattle (woven wood) and daub (mud and straw).
The first farmers began to move into what is now called Europe around 9500 BC. They built their villages near large rivers, which provided easy access to water for crops. Like their pre-Neolithic counterparts, these farmers also lived in rectangular houses made of timber frames covered with leaves or skins. The floors were usually made of gravel or clay. In more advanced societies, wooden posts supported a roof made of thatch or tiles. The walls were made of mud mixed with grass or hay. The first farmers used horses for work and cattle for milk and meat. They also hunted wild animals for food.
In Europe, the first farmers were followed about 4000 years later by some of the world's first farmers. They used domesticated plants and animals for food and clothing. Their homes were also made of timber but had roofs covered with stone or pottery. The people lived in larger groups than earlier inhabitants and fought using weapons such as arrows, spears, and swords. They also used stones as tools against other humans or animals.
Settled farming led to the construction of the first stone homes during the Neolithic era. There is also evidence of massive wood halls from this time period. Although plans were built more inexpensively in the 1930s, a 1936 assessment indicated that nearly half of Scotland's dwellings were still insufficient. The modern-day house style arose around 1770 when architects began to incorporate features of the Italian villa into their designs. These houses were usually built of brick or stone and included interior decorations such as marble fireplaces.
During the Industrial Revolution, coal was used as fuel for home heating and cooking. This caused serious air pollution problems that resulted in the development of methods for removing smoke particles from the air. One solution was to build houses with porous materials like sandstone or brick that could absorb any noxious gases that may enter through doorways or windows.
The need for housing increased dramatically after World War II. One estimate is that about one in five people on earth lives in an apartment building, condo, or similar structure. Most of these units are in Europe and North America.
It takes a lot of money to build a house today. This is because it is much cheaper to buy land than to rent it. Also, big companies can make more money investing in land than they can building homes. This is why most new housing developments include apartments as well as single family houses.
Roundhouses from the Bronze Age were circular constructions with wattle (woven wood) and daub (mud and straw) walls or dry stone walls. Because they were built on wetlands, some residences had to be erected on stilts. Roundhouses often had thatched roofs or were covered with grass that was laid over a wooden beam cone.
Bronze Age people lived in small communities near water sources such as rivers, lakes, and seas. They used tools made of copper and bronze to hunt deer, fish, and other animals and gather vegetables and fruits from around the garden. People also hunted large animals with bows and arrows. They also killed smaller animals with spears and clubs.
People ate everything they caught. There is no evidence that they left any part of their kill for later. They may have done so but none are known about it. People also collected wild plants for food or used cultivated plants. They also got food from neighbors - either by trade or by taking care of each others' gardens.
People of the Bronze Age lived between 2,000 and 1,500 years ago. They built their houses on stilts because many areas where they lived had floods or high tides. Some residences even had rooms where they could escape such flooding.
They used tools made of copper and bronze to work metals like gold and silver. People also used stones and shells as money. No one knows how they kept track of time.
Bronze Age buildings were composed of wood, stone filled with wattle, braided wood, and daub, a mud and straw combination. The walls would be about 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall and made from long strips of wood that had been hollowed out on the inside to make rooms. The floors would be made of wood or stone depending on the building type.
Bronze was first used by humans around 3000 B.C. It was initially used as jewelry but soon became popular for tools as well. It was also used in weapons from chisels to axes. Bronze is harder than iron and can withstand heat whereas iron can't. That's why all the hot taps in modern bathrooms are made of bronze.
The Egyptians are known for their use of bronze during the Bronze Age. They made things like bowls, statues, and instruments using bronze. When King Henry VIII of England wanted to show off his wealth he had tons of bronze manufactured. He called this activity "casting bells".
The Romans used bronze too. Some people think they invented bronze because they built many structures with it including bridges, fountains, and even toilets!
During the Iron Age, which started around 500 B.C., iron replaced bronze in most cases.
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